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Tayammum (Dry Wudu) (تَيَـمُّـم)
The word Tayammum means intention, aim or purpose.
In an Islamic context Tayammum is to wipe one’s face and hands with dust to make preparations to offer Salah (Prayer), when one cannot find water to perform Wudu (Ablution) or Ghusl (Bath).
Sometimes, Muslims may find themselves in situations where water may not be available to make Wudu (Ablution) for offering Salah (Prayer), an obligation that cannot be ignored, delayed or postponed.
Allah (God) has allowed Tayammum (Dry Wudu) in place of Wudu (Ablution), if water is not available.
Tayammum (Dry Wudu) can also be done by the sick or injured, who cannot use water.
Tayammum (Dry Wudu) can also be used to remove Janaba (Sexual impurity), as a substitute for Ghusl (Bath) if water is not available.
… وَإِن كُنتُم مَّرْضَىٰ أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِّنكُم مِّنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ ۗ … |
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| … And if you are ill, or on a journey, or one of you comes after answering the call of nature, or you have been in contact with women (by sexual relations) and you find no water, perform Tayammum with clean earth and rub therewith your faces and hands (Tayammum). |
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| Surah (Chapter) an-Nisa" (The Women) 4:43 |
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Tayammum (Dry Wudu) is also mentioned in various Ahadith (Sayings of Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم).
Abu Umamah narrated that the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “All the earth has been made for me and my Ummah (Nation) a pure Masjid (Place of Prayer). Whenever anyone from my Ummah (Nation) wants to pray, he has something to purify himself, that is, the earth.”
Ahmad
Jabir رضي الله عنه narrated that the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “The earth has been made for me (and for my followers) a place for praying and a thing to perform Tayammum, therefore anyone of my followers can pray whenever the time of a prayer is due”.
Bukhari |
Tayammum (Dry Wudu) is a special blessing from Allah (God), Who had allowed Tayammum (Dry Wudu) during a journey of the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم with his wife and several other Sahabah (Companions).
Narrated 'A”ishah رضى الله عنها: (the wife of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم) We set out with Allahs Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم on one of his journeys till we reached Al-Baida' or Dhatul-Jaish, a necklace of mine was broken (and lost). Allah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم stayed there to search for it, and so did the people along with him. There was no water at that place, so the people went to Abu- Bakr رضي الله عنه and said, "Don't you see what 'A”ishah رضى الله عنها has done? She has made Allah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم and the people stay where there is no water and they have no water with them." Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه came while Allah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم was sleeping with his head on my thigh, He said, to me: "You have detained Allah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم and the people where there is no water and they have no water with them. So he admonished me and said what Allah wished him to say and hit me on my flank with his hand. Nothing prevented me from moving (because of pain) but the position of Allah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم on my thigh. Allah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم got up when dawn broke and there was no water. So Allah revealed the Divine Verses of Tayammum. So they all performed Tayammum. Usayd bin Hudayr رضي الله عنه said, "O the family of Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه! This is not the first blessing of yours." Then the camel on which I was riding was caused to move from its place and the necklace was found beneath it.
Bukhari, Book 7, Hadith 330 |
Tayammum (Dry Wudu) is allowed as a replacement of Wudu (Ablution) under the following circumstances:
- When one cannot find water
Tayammum (Dry Wudu) can be made if one cannot find water after looking for it.
Narrated 'Imran bin Husayn Al-Khuza'i: Allah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم saw a person sitting aloof and not praying with the people. He asked him, "O so and so! What prevented you from offering the prayer with the people?" He replied, "O Allah's Apostle! I am Junub and there is no water." The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, "Perform Tayammum with clean earth and that will be sufficient for you."
Bukhari, Vol. 1, Book 7, 344; Muslim |
- When one is sick or has an injury
A sick or injured person, who feels that his sickness or injury might get aggravated with the use of water, can do a Tayammum (Dry Wudu) instead.
Jabir رضي الله عنه said: We were on a journey and one of us got injured. Later he had a wet dream. He asked his companions, “Can I perform Tayammum?” They said, “No, not if you have water.” He performed Ghusl and died. When they came to the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم , they informed him of what had happened. He صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “They killed him, Allah will kill them. Do you not ask if you do not know? The rescue of the ignorant person is the question. He could have performed Tayammum ...”
Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah, Daraqutni |
- When one cannot get to water because of fear or danger
Tayammum (Dry Wudu) can be performed if one cannot go to fetch water because of fear of enemies or beasts. The same may apply for the imprisoned Muslims who may not have free access to water.
- When water is being saved for drinking purpose
Tayammum (Dry Wudu) can be performed if one has access to only a very limited amount of water. That water should be saved for drinking or cooking purposes.
- When water is extremely cold to cause harm
Tayammum (Dry Wudu) is allowed when water is extremely cold and there are no means to bring it to a tolerable temperature.(Bukhari)
Tayammum (Dry Wudu) is also a substitute for Ghusl (Bath) if water is not available.
Narrated 'Imran bin Husayn Al-Khuza'yi: Allah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم saw a person sitting aloof and not praying with the people. He asked him, "O so and so! What prevented you from offering the prayer with the people?" He replied, "O Allah's Apostle صلى الله عليه وسلم ! I am Junub and there is no water." The Prophet said, "Perform Tayammum with clean earth and that will be sufficient for you."Bukhari, Book 7, Hadith 344
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Method of doing Tayammum (Dry Wudu) (طريقة التيمم)
Tayammum (Dry Wudu) is done with pure sand, earth, dust (accumulated on any surface), or stones etc. The Messenger of Allah, Muhammadصلى الله عليه وسلم had mentioned it in many of his sayings.
Abu Dharr رضي الله عنه narrated that the Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “The soil is a purifier for a Muslim, even if he does not find water for twenty years. Then if he touches water, that is, to make Wudu (Ablution) and so on, it would be good.”
Ahmad, Tirmidhi |
Like Wudu (Ablution), a Niyah (Intention) is made silently for doing Tayammum (Dry Wudu).
Tayammum (Dry Wudu) is performed in the following manner:
- Say Bismillah [(I begin) With the name of Allah (God)].
- Hit both palms on clean earth once.
- Remove extra dirt by blowing on both palms held together sideways.
- Wipe face with both palms.
- Wipe both hands.
'Ammar رضي الله عنه related. He said: "I once became sexually impure and had no water, so I rolled in the dirt and prayed. This was mentioned to the Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم who said: "This would have been enough for you," and he struck the earth with his hands, blew in them and then wiped his face and hands with them."
Bukhari, Muslim |
After completing Tayammum (Dry Wudu), recite the same Du’a (Supplications) that is recited after doing Wudu (Ablution).
أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ
وَرَسُولُهُ |
Tayammum (Dry Wudu) is nullified in the presence of water.
Whenever one finds water after doing a Tayammum for removing Janabah (Sexual Impurity), taking a bath becomes necessary.
Besides the presence of water, Tayammum (Dry Wudu) is nullified by everything that nullifies Wudu (Ablution).
Repeating Salah (Prayer) after finding water is optional but has double rewards.
Abu Sa’id al-Khudri رضي الله عنه narrated, “Two men went out on a journey. The time of Salah (Prayers) came and they had no water, they performed Tayammum. Then they found some water during the time of the same Salah (Prayers). One of them repeated his Salah (Prayers) and the other did not. When they saw the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم, they asked him about the proper procedure in such a case. He said to the one who did not repeat his Salah (Prayers), “You have acted according to the Sunnah and your Salah (Prayers) is sufficient for you.” He said to the other, “You will get a double reward.”
Abu Dawud, Nasa”i |
From Salah of Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم by Suhel Farooq Khan |
